**Lesson Plan for Basic Science and Technology (Primary 6)**
**Topic: Water Project + Pathogens, Diseases, and Prevention + Introduction to Scratch Project**
**Duration:** 90 minutes
### Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. Understand the importance of clean water and the impact of water pollution.
2. Identify common pathogens found in water and the diseases they cause.
3. Learn methods for preventing waterborne diseases.
4. Begin a basic project using Scratch to simulate clean water practices.
### Materials Needed:
- Interactive whiteboard or projector
- Computers or tablets with internet access
- Water testing kits (if available)
- Poster paper and markers
- Scratch account setup (free on scratch.mit.edu)
### Lesson Outline:
**Introduction (10 minutes)**
1. **Greeting and Review:** Warm welcome and a brief review of the previous lesson.
2. **Engage with Questions:**
- Why is water important to us?
- What do we use water for every day?
- What happens if our water is polluted?
**Phase 1: Water Project (20 minutes)**
1. **Discussion on Water Pollution:**
- Define water pollution.
- Discuss common pollutants (chemicals, plastics, human waste).
- Show images or videos of polluted water bodies and clean water bodies.
2. **Practical Activity:**
- Divide students into small groups.
- Using clean and "polluted" water samples (use food coloring or small debris in water for effect), allow students to use water testing kits if available to check the cleanliness.
3. **Analysis Discussion:**
- Discuss what they saw and measured.
- Explain how pollutants affect living organisms.
**Phase 2: Pathogens, Diseases, and Prevention (20 minutes)**
1. **Lecture/Demonstration:**
- Define pathogens and give examples (bacteria, viruses, protozoa).
- Discuss common waterborne diseases (cholera, typhoid, dysentery).
- Show images or short video clips of how these pathogens can spread and affect health.
2. **Preventative Measures:**
- Explain common methods of water purification (boiling, filtration, chlorination).
- Discuss the importance of good hygiene practices.
3. **Group Activity:**
- Students create posters on how to prevent waterborne diseases using markers and poster paper.
- Each group presents their poster to the class.
**Phase 3: Scratch Project (30 minutes)**
1. **Introduction to Scratch:**
- Explain what Scratch is and its uses.
- Show a simple demo project related to clean water practices.
2. **Student Activity:**
- Guide students in logging into their Scratch accounts.
- Provide a basic walkthrough of the interface (sprites, scripts, stages).
- Break down the steps for them to create a simple animation showing the journey of clean water from a lake to a home (using sprites for lake, filtration plant, pipes, and tap water).
3. **Hands-On Creation:**
- Encourage students to start their project by choosing sprites and creating the first steps of the animation.
- Offer support and answer questions as they work through the task.
**Conclusion and Review (10 minutes)**
1. **Review Key Points:**
- Importance of clean water.
- Understanding of pathogens and waterborne diseases.
- Prevention techniques.
2. **Reflection:**
- Ask students what they found interesting or challenging.
- Encourage students to continue their Scratch projects at home.
### Assessment:
1. **Participation in Group Activities:** Observing engagement during water testing and poster creation.
2. **Poster Presentation:** Assess understanding of preventative measures based on clarity and creativity.
3. **Scratch Project:** Evaluate participation and progress in the first steps of their clean water animation.
### Homework:
1. **Complete Scratch Project:** Students to continue working on their Scratch simulation at home.
2. **Write a Short Paragraph:** Reflect on what they learned about waterborne diseases and how they can ensure their water is clean.
### Extension Activity:
- **Class Campaign:** Initiate a “Clean Water Awareness” campaign where students present their posters to the whole school and share what they learned about clean water practices and disease prevention.
This plan integrates both theoretical knowledge and practical application, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the significance of clean water and the role of technology in simulating real-world scenarios.